Can Compost Get Too Hot?
If compost is too hot, it can kill beneficial microbes. Overheated compost piles pose no fire danger if they are properly moist but some of the organic properties will be compromised. Excessive temperatures in compost can cause spontaneous combustion, but this is very rare even among overheated compost piles. Properly aerated and moist compost piles, no matter how hot, are not dangerous. Even hot compost bins that are fairly enclosed will not catch fire if they are tumbled and kept moist. However, the problem is what excessive heat does to the living creatures that break down that organic waste. Overheated compost piles will likely kill many of these beneficial creatures. High temperatures are necessary to destroy pathogens and weed seeds in compost piles. Heat is released in the aerobic process that takes place as organic matter rots. However, excessively high temperatures remove some of the nitrogen in the compost. The high temperatures will persist as long as the pile is turned, and oxygen is introduced. Anaerobic conditions occur when the pile is not turned. These drop the temperature and slow the decomposition process. Can compost get too hot? Of course, it can but in rare instances. Temperatures that exceed 200 degrees F. (93 C.) are likely damaging to the organisms that live and work in the compost.
What Causes Overheated Compost Piles to Catch Fire?
A rare combination of events can cause a compost pile to catch fire. These all must be met before the occasion arises.
The first is dry, unattended material with pockets of debris mixed throughout that aren’t uniform. Next, the pile must be large and insulated with limited airflow. Finally, improper moisture distribution throughout the pile.
Only the largest piles, like those in commercial composting operations, are really in any danger if they are mismanaged. The key to preventing any issues is proper maintenance of your organic matter to prevent hot compost bins or piles.
How to Tell if Your Compost is Too Hot
It doesn’t matter if you have a bin, tumbler, or just a pile on the ground; compost needs to be in sun and heat. It also releases heat. The key to managing the heat level is to make sure there is an introduction of oxygen and moisture to all parts of the compost. You also need the right balance of carbon and nitrogen materials. Compost is too hot often with too much nitrogen. The proper mix is 25 to 30 parts carbon to one part nitrogen. With these practices in place, your compost bin will likely keep at just the right temperature to create some organic goodness for your garden.
